Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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What was the Industrial Revolution?
a. | increased purchases of land by wealthy landowners to cultivate larger
fields | b. | increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the
18th-century | c. | a widespread use of teenagers as factory laborers who worked 14 hour days, 6 days a
week | d. | increased populations of urban areas during the 1800s |
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2.
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Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution?
a. | Many small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities. | b. | Enclosures became
landmarks of wealthy landowners. | c. | Landowners experimented with new agricultural
methods. | d. | All of the above are true. |
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3.
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What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial
revolution?
a. | land, labor, capital | b. | government, military,
colonies | c. | raw materials, natural resources, man-made goods | d. | road, railway, and
water transport |
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4.
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What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurrred in
19th-century Britain and elsewhere in western Europe?
a. | poor crop yields | b. | industrialization | c. | improved living
conditions in cities | d. | more efficient transportation
systems |
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5.
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How did landowners and aristocrats view wealthy members of the middle
class?
a. | regarded highly | b. | looked down upon | c. | as
equals | d. | as outcasts |
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6.
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What did Britain do in order to keep industrial secrets from the United
States?
a. | blockaded the United States from engaging in international trade | b. | sent messengers with
misleading information to the United States | c. | forbade engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers
from leaving the country | d. | charged impossible fees for the secrets to
industrialization |
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7.
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What was the benefit of being a stockholder in a corporation?
a. | complete ownership of branch corporations | b. | free goods produced
by the corporation | c. | not personally responsible for its
debts | d. | all of the above |
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8.
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What is the laissez-faire policy?
a. | a policy that allowed labor to set working conditions based on votes on issues
relevant to their industry | b. | a policy where labor created a committee to set
working standards without interference from industry owners | c. | a policy that taught
owners of industry how to set working conditions based on government standards | d. | a policy that let
owners of industry set working conditions without government
interference |
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9.
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What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor
reforms?
a. | unions | b. | strikes | c. | collective
bargaining | d. | utilitarianism |
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10.
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Which of the following is an example of a reform movement?
a. | abolition of slavery | b. | women's rights | c. | public
education | d. | all of the above |
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11.
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In what way did the Agricultural Revolution pave the way for the Industrial
Revolution?
a. | It led to population growth. | b. | It increased food supplies. | c. | It caused farmers to
lose land and seek other work. | d. | All of the above are
true. |
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12.
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How did Britain's economy affect the process of industrialization?
a. | positively, by Britain's highly developed banking system, availability of loans,
and climate of progress | b. | positively, by Britain allowing women and
children to work long hours and grow wealthy | c. | negatively, by Britain's decision to
forbid engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers to leave the country | d. | negatively, by
Britain's overseas expansion, which took jobs away from the British
citizens |
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13.
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What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British
goods?
a. | It enabled the mining industry to work more efficiently without the need for
workers. | b. | It allowed small ferries to monopolize the transport of raw materials through English
canals. | c. | It launched the railway age that brought the transportation of people and materials
to a new level. | d. | All of the above are true. |
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14.
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How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?
a. | It created technology to clean them. | b. | It made them lose valuable sources of
food. | c. | It made the population grow faster than the housing supply. | d. | It made the crime
rate drop. |
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15.
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Which of the following factors MOST contributed to the shorter life span of
those living in cities as opposed to those in the country?
a. | long working hours | b. | illness caused by unhealthy living
conditions | c. | inadequate housing | d. | excessive
garbage |
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16.
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In what way did the new middle class change British society?
a. | The power structure in London shifted from the city to the
country. | b. | The middle class became the new ruling class in society. | c. | Aristocrats and
wealthy landowners looked down on the middle class. | d. | Some members of the middle class achieved top
positions in society. |
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17.
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Which of the following was a key idea in the free-market system?
a. | protect the nation's industries from foreign competition | b. | establish minimum
wages and maximum working hours | c. | give government complete control of the means
of production | d. | refuse to interfere in either domestic or international economic
matters |
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18.
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Which of the following was NOT a legislative reform in the 1800s?
a. | In England, it became illegal to hire children under the age of
nine. | b. | The Mines Act prevented women and children from working
underground. | c. | The Supreme Court of the United States objected to a federal child labor
law. | d. | The Supreme Court created social security to support retired
workers. |
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19.
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What did William Wilberforce fight for in the 1800s?
a. | to establish public schools. | b. | to limit the length of the
workday. | c. | to abolish child labor in factories. | d. | to abolish slavery and the slave
trade. |
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20.
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How might small farmers of the agricultural revolution be compared to the
working class of the Industrial Revolution?
a. | Both endured long working hours. | b. | Both suffered job losses due to
progress. | c. | Both lived in climates of social restructuring. | d. | All of the above are
true. |
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21.
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What impact did technological advances have on industry?
a. | Production of goods was increased. | b. | Quality of products was
decreased. | c. | Number of factory workers decreased. | d. | All of the above are
true. |
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22.
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What was a benefit of the railroad in Britain?
a. | It encouraged people to emigrate to other countries. | b. | It eliminated
hundreds of thousands of jobs. | c. | It displaced England's agricultural and
fishing industries. | d. | It offered cheap transportation for materials
and goods. |
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23.
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Which of the following was NOT a positive aspect of industrialization?
a. | It created jobs for workers. | b. | It increased a nation's
wealth. | c. | It improved living conditions in cities. | d. | It increased the
production of goods. |
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24.
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How did the War of 1812 help pave the way for the United States to
industrialize?
a. | The British blockade forced it to develop its own industries. | b. | Materials left over
from the war influenced new American inventions. | c. | British prisoners from the war greatly
increased the U.S. workforce. | d. | Under the Treaty of Ghent, Britain assisted in
U.S. industry. |
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25.
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How did the Napoleonic wars and French Revolution impact the industrialization
of Continental Europe?
a. | Trade was halted in many parts of Europe. | b. | Communications
between countries were interrupted. | c. | Inflation was on the rise in some areas of
Europe, disrupting the economy. | d. | All of the above are
true. |
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26.
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How did the impact of worldwide industrialization effect the relationships
between industrialized nations and non-industrialized nations?
a. | It was the driving force behind imperialism. | b. | It weakened economic
ties between nations. | c. | Industrialized nations exploited their overseas
colonies for slaves. | d. | All of the above are
true. |
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27.
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How did the philosophy of laissez-faire economics influence early
industrialists?
a. | with ideas of a free-market economy governed by natural laws, not government
regulations | b. | with ideas of an economy supported by tariffs on foreign goods | c. | with ideas that the
elite had a responsibility to give to charities | d. | all of the
above |
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28.
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What were the long-term effects of Marx and Engels's The Communist
Manifesto?
a. | Working classes worldwide demanded a "dictatorship of the
proletariat." | b. | Marx and Engels's predictions proved
correct as economic forces alone ruled society. | c. | In the 1900s, Marxism inspired revolutionaries
such as Russia's Lenin. | d. | During 1848 and 1849 revolts shook Europe but
were suppressed. |
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29.
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Which of the following statements are true of socialism and communism?
a. | Socialism and communism are two words for the same ideology. | b. | Socialism and
communism are two completely different and unrelated ideologies. | c. | Communism is a form
of complete socialism in which the people own all production and property. | d. | Communism gives
control of a country to its people and socialism gives control of industry to the
people. |
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Essay
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1.
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Drawing Conclusions Why did the Industrial Revolution occur in Great
Britain before it occurred elsewhere in Europe?
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2.
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Recognizing EffectsWhat were some economic, social, and political effects
that the Industrial Revolution had on Great Britain? Describe at least one economic, social, and
political effect.
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3.
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Drawing Conclusions Why might the philosophy of communism have appealed
to many 19th-century factory workers?
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4.
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Analyzing Motives What are some likely reasons that many middle-class
British believed in the theories of laissez-faire capitalism and the free-market system in the
1800s?
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5.
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Forming and Supporting Opinions Do you think the concept of complete
reliance on a free-market system, using 19th-century Britain as a model, worked well? Explain.
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