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Choose the letter of the best answer.
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1.
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The heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory was proposed by
a. | Galileo Galilei. | b. | Nicolaus Copernicus. | c. | Francis
Bacon. | d. | Isaac Newton. |
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2.
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Francis Bacon helped to develop
a. | the microscope | b. | the law of the pendulum | c. | the scientific
method. | d. | the barometer. |
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3.
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Isaac Newton explained the
a. | law of universal gravitation. | b. | anatomy of the human body. | c. | chemical composition
of matter. | d. | function of blood vessels. |
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4.
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In general, the philosophes believed in which of the following?
a. | expanding women's rights | b. | all Church decrees | c. | progress for
society | d. | authoritarian rule |
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5.
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The idea of a direct democracy is explained in
a. | A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. | b. | The Social
Contract. | c. | Starry Messenger. | d. | On the Spirit of
Laws. |
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6.
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European art of the 1600s and early 1700s was dominated by a grand, ornate style
called
a. | neoclassical. | b. | classical. | c. | baroque. | d. | gothic. |
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7.
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The philosophes influenced Catherine the Great's
a. | architectural plans for her palace. | b. | military campaign against
Poland. | c. | diplomatic relations with France | d. | proposal on reforms to Russia's
laws. |
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8.
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The Declaration of Independence was written by
a. | John Adams. | b. | Benjamin Franklin. | c. | Thomas
Jefferson. | d. | Patrick Henry. |
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9.
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The Bill of Rights was influenced by
a. | Voltaire. | b. | John Locke. | c. | Jean Jacques
Rousseau. | d. | all of the above. |
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10.
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Henry Fielding was a writer who
a. | turned out many popular poems in the 1700s. | b. | wrote a novel about
the life of a young servant girl. | c. | developed many features of the modern
novel. | d. | all of the above. |
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11.
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The heliocentric theory challenged the
a. | political scientists. | b. | observed patterns. | c. | geocentric
theory | d. | mathematical theories. |
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12.
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Between 1550 and 1789, Enlightenment ideas swept
a. | only through France and colonial America. | b. | only through
European society. | c. | through European society and colonial
America. | d. | throughout the world. |
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13.
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Salons helped to spread
a. | the geocentric theory. | b. | only the ideas of the
philosophes. | c. | only the ideas of political scientists. | d. | Enlightenment
thinking. |
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14.
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The philosophes used reason to address
a. | British taxes. | b. | social issues. | c. | abusive
rulers | d. | all of the above. |
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15.
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The American Revolution was influenced by
a. | British policies. | b. | political scientists. | c. | the
philosophes. | d. | all of the above. |
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16.
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Which of the following is true of the neoclassical style of art?
a. | It emphasized elegance and simplicity. | b. | It tended to be ornate, highly detailed, and
rich in color. | c. | It was the dominant style of art during the Middle Ages. | d. | It was based on
ideas and themes from ancient Japan. |
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17.
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Which of the following reflects the correct sequence of steps used in the
scientific process?
a. | observation, question, experimentation, hypothesis, conclusion | b. | question,
experimentation, hypothesis, observation, conclusion | c. | question, observation, hypothesis,
experimentation, conclusion | d. | observation, question, hypothesis,
experimentation, conclusion |
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18.
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Which of the following events occurred after the American Revolution?
a. | Constitutional Convention | b. | French and Indian War | c. | Stamp
Act | d. | Navigation Acts |
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19.
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What was Montesquieu's influence on the U.S. Constitution?
a. | public elections | b. | branches of government | c. | the Bill of
Rights | d. | representatives |
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20.
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How did the Baroque style and the neoclassical style differ?
a. | Baroque was used for music; neoclassical was used for painting. | b. | Baroque was used by
Mozart; neoclassical was used by Bach. | c. | Baroque was grand and ornate; neoclassical was
simple and elegant. | d. | All of the above are
true. |
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21.
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Frederick II supported which of the following?
a. | freedom of worship | b. | Christian religion | c. | wealthy
landowners | d. | direct democracy |
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22.
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How were Thomas Hobbes and Catherine the Great similar?
a. | Both were influenced by John Locke. | b. | Both were affected by the horrors of the
English Civil War. | c. | Both were influenced by Voltaire and Baron de
Montesquieu. | d. | Both believed that a monarch should have absolute
authority. |
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23.
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What was the law of universal gravitation?
a. | The earth and other planets revolve around the sun. | b. | All physical objects
are affected equally by the same forces. | c. | A falling object accelerates at a fixed and
predictable rate. | d. | The physical world consists of four
elements-earth, air, fire, and water. |
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24.
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Which of the following did the Enlightenment promote?
a. | a belief in progress | b. | a more secular outlook | c. | faith in
science | d. | all of the above |
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25.
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What did Andreas Vesalius and Voltaire both do?
a. | write drama and fiction. | b. | analyze human anatomy. | c. | challenge
preexisting ideas. | d. | spent time in jail for their
ideas. |
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26.
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Which of the following men contradicted the ideas in the U.S.
Constitution?
a. | Baron de Montesquieu | b. | Thomas Hobbes | c. | John
Locke | d. | Denis Diderot |
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27.
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In the 1700s, which of the following showed the influence of Enlightenment
ideas?
a. | a woman reading a novel | b. | a woman allowing her child to have a smallpox
vaccination | c. | a man attending a salon | d. | all of the
above |
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28.
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Which of the following did the censors of the Catholic Church ban?
a. | Don Giovanni | b. | the Encyclopedia | c. | Tom
Jones | d. | all of the above |
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29.
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In which of the following ways did the taxation problem in America differ before
and after independence?
a. | Before were too many British taxes; after were not enough federal
taxes. | b. | Before were too few British taxes; after were too many federal
taxes. | c. | Before were too many British taxes; after were too many federal
taxes. | d. | Before were too few British taxes; after were not enough federal
taxes. |
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30.
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How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment ideals?
a. | It stated that all titles of nobility should be abolished. | b. | It protected the
rights of the accused and prohibited cruel punishment. | c. | It set up a system of checks and balances for
the U.S. government. | d. | It said that people have rights of life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. |
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31.
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Which of the following reflects the neoclassical style?
a. | a palace built in a grand and elaborately decorated style | b. | a painting rich in
detail and ornate imagery | c. | a church built in a simple, elegant
style | d. | dramatic organ music with a complex composition |
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32.
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Which of the following were caused by the scientific revolution?
a. | the belief that the earth was an unmoving object at the center of the
universe | b. | improvements in medicine and scientific instruments | c. | reliance on ancient
authorities to explain the physical world | d. | the assumption that the human body was similar
to the anatomy of other animals |
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33.
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Which of the following was influenced by Enlightenment Ideas?
a. | literate middle class | b. | thinkers and artists | c. | American
colonists | d. | all of the above |
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34.
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How did the Scientific Revolution influence the American Revolution?
a. | Questioning assumptions led to challenging ideas about
government. | b. | Scientific discoveries influenced British foreign policies. | c. | The heliocentric
theory caused unrest among the colonists. | d. | The salons influenced the French and Indian
War. |
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35.
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Which of the following attempted social reforms?
a. | the philosophes | b. | scholars | c. | enlightened
despots | d. | all of the above |
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36.
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Which of the following occurred after the salons spread enlightenment
ideas?
a. | The scientific method develops. | b. | The heliocentric theory
develops. | c. | The scientific method begins to affect society. | d. | The colonists
denounce taxation without representation. |
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37.
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Which person would probably NOT have been influenced by the philosophers?
a. | a European artist living during the 1700s | b. | a leader of a
salon | c. | an American patriot denouncing taxation without representation | d. | a scholar who
believed in the geocentric theory |
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38.
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Synthesizing How did the ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire,
and Beccaria influence the U.S. Constitution?
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39.
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Making Inferences How did Enlightenment ideas influence the arts and
literature in Europe during the 1700s? Give examples.
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40.
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Forming and Supporting Opinions What was the Enlightenment concept of
nature? Explain why you agree or disagree with this concept.
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41.
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Analyzing Motives Why do you think Catherine the Great was attracted to
the ideas of the philosophes? Why do you think she eventually acted against these ideas?
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42.
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Recognizing Effects What influence did the ideas of John Locke have on
the Declaration of Independence? Support your answer with specific details.
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43.
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Contrasting What is the scientific method? How does it differ from the
methods used by scholars in medieval times?
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